Years: 1795–1874
Primary city: Torun
Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Kalischer served as rabbi in Thorn, Prussia, and was a student of Rabbi Akiva Eiger. Through his work Derishat Tzion, he argued that the Jewish people's redemption required active settlement of the Land of Israel as a precursor to the messianic era. His writings influenced the Hibbat Tzion movement.