Years: 1808–1888
Primary city: Frankfurt
Rabbi Shimshon Raphael Hirsch formulated the philosophy of Torah im Derech Eretz, which synthesizes traditional Jewish observance with engagement in modern secular culture. As Rabbi of the separatist Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main, he opposed the Reform movement. His literary output includes Igros Tzofon, the legal-ethical treatise Chorev, and a commentary on the Pentateuch.